Español 1

Juego: Mescla de frases

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Gender of nouns
All nouns in Spanish are classified as masculine or feminine.  This has nothing to do with whether the noun is associated with male or female creatures, it is just a classification.

• Regla:    If a noun ends with a, it is almost always feminine.  There are a number of exceptions, which just have to be memorized.

When we use articles in Spanish, they must agree with the nouns they are associated with.
We will use the same rule for deciding which of the articles is correct, as we do for adjective agreement.

If the noun ends with a it is almost always feminine.  With feminine nouns we use la or una.  If it does not end with a it is almost always masculine.  With masculine nouns we use el or un.  If the noun is plural, we must also make the article plural.

Artículos Definidos "the"
Singular	Plural
el	los
la	las
Artículos indefinidos "a / an"
Singular	Plural
un	unos
una	unas

Regla:  Adjectives have to agree with the nouns they modify in gender and quantity.

Gender
If an adjective ends with o is used with a masculine noun, no changes need to be made.

Example        el lápiz blanco

If the same adjective is used with a feminine noun, the ending o is changed to an a.

Example        la pluma blanca

Quantity
If a noun is plural, the adjective used with it must be plural also.

Example        el lápiz blanco        los lápices blancos
                       la pluma blanca      las plumas blancas

If an adjective does not end with o, then usually it is not changed for feminine.

Example        el cartel azul            la carta azul

There are a few exceptions to this rule; however, which have to be memorized.

Example        el soldado español            la revista española

In all cases though, the adjective must agree in quantity.
                    los carteles azules        las cartas azules
                    los soldados españoles        las revistas españolas

Los verbos

Every verb in Spanish falls into one of 3 categories, based on their endings.

--ar

--er

--ir

There are two parts to every verb--the stem and the ending.

Example:

Los Verbos Ser y Estar
Los verbos ser y estar significa "to be."

Las formas son:

	ser	estar
Yo	soy	estoy
Tú	eres	estás
Él, Ella, Ud.	es	está
Nosotros	somos	estamos
Ellos, Ellas, Uds.	son	están
Vosotros	soís	estáis

When talking about a location, condition, something that changes, use a form of estar.  For everything else use a form of ser.

All verbs in Spanish are classified by their ending.  There are only three (3) verb categories in the language:  Verbs that end with -ar, those that end with -er and those that end with -ir.
Nearly all verbs in each group are conjugated (made to agree with the subject), by changing their endings.  Therefore, once you know how to conjugate one (1) verb in a group, you can use any of them correctly.

In order to conjugate -ar verbs, you first remove the -ar ending, and then replace it with the appropriate ending for the given subject.
                            Ending
Yo                          -0
Tú                          -as
Él/Ella/Ud.             -a
Nosotros               -amos
Ellos/Ellas/Uds.     -an
Vosotros                -áis

                            Ending
Yo                          voy
Tú                          vas
Él/Ella/Ud.             va
Nosotros               vamos
Ellos/Ellas/Uds.     van
Vosotros                váis